Most SARS-CoV-2 monoclonal antibodies are developed using recombinant N or S proteins. These antibodies will react with the recombinant proteins; however, they may not react with true viruses for a number of reasons. For instance, we developed 8 monoclonal anti-S antibodies using recombinant S proteins, only one of which worked with SARS-CoV-2 and human specimens. In GenuIN Biotech, We have validated our antibodies using real coronavirus and human nasopharyngeal swabs in different applications so that you can be sure that these antibodies work without trying and error. 

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Monoclonal antibodies, especially recombinant antibodies, are an ideal tool for investigating SARS-CoV-2 infection because they have minimal batch-to-batch variation and produce consistent and reproducible results. We provide multiple clones for a given protein for the following reasons: 1) Each monoclonal antibody recognizes a specific epitope on a protein, you can select the one that best suits your purposes; 2) Different methods of processing viruses and/or specimens can change the conformation of the epitope recognized by the antibody; therefore, it is not surprising that an antibody functions well in Western blotting, but does not detect the virus in immunohistochemical staining; 3) For multiple staining on the same samples such as tissues or cells infected with SARS-CoV-2, a combination of  mouse and rabbit antibodies is preferrable; 4) For some sandwich ELISA, you need two antibody clones from the same or two different species.  

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